@inproceedings{patel_small_2004,

title = {Small group discussion simulation for middle Level of Detail Crowds},

author = {Jigish Patel and Robert Parker and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Small%20group%20discussion%20simulation%20for%20middle%20Level%20of%20Detail%20Crowds.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-07-01},

booktitle = {8th Workshop on Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue},

address = {Barcelona, Spain},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_evaluation_2004,

title = {Evaluation of multi-party virtual reality dialogue interaction},

author = {David Traum and Susan Robinson and Jens Stephan},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluation%20of%20multi-party%20virtual%20reality%20dialogue%20interaction.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-05-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},

address = {Lisbon, Portugal},

abstract = {We describe a dialogue evaluation plan for a multi-character virtual reality training simulation. A multi-component evaluation plan is presented, including user satisfaction, intended task completion, recognition rate, and a new annotation scheme for appropriateness. Preliminary results for formative tests are also presented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{garg_evaluation_2004,

title = {Evaluation of Transcription and Annotation tools for a Multi-modal, Multi-party dialogue corpus},

author = {Saurabh Garg and Bilyana Martinovski and Susan Robinson and Jens Stephan and Joel Tetreault and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Evaluation%20of%20Transcription%20and%20Annotation%20tools%20for%20a%20Multi-modal,%20Multi-party%20dialogue%20corpus.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-05-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},

address = {Lisbon, Portugal},

abstract = {This paper reviews nine available transcription and annotation tools, considering in particular the special difficulties arising from transcribing and annotating multi-party, multi-modal dialogue. Tools are evaluated as to the ability to support the user's annotation scheme, ability to visualize the form of the data, compatibility with other tools, flexibility of data representation, and general user-friendliness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_emotion_2004,

title = {Emotion and Dialogue in the MRE Virtual Humans},

author = {David Traum and Stacy C. Marsella and Jonathan Gratch},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Emotion%20and%20Dialogue%20in%20the%20MRE%20Virtual%20Humans.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

booktitle = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},

volume = {3068},

pages = {117–127},

address = {Kloster Irsee, Germany},

abstract = {We describe the emotion and dialogue aspects of the virtual agents used in the MRE project at USC. The models of emotion and dialogue started independently, though each makes crucial use of a central task model. In this paper we describe the task model, dialogue model, and emotion model, and the interactions between them.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{robinson_issues_2004,

title = {Issues in corpus development for multi-party multi-modal task-oriented dialogue},

author = {Susan Robinson and Bilyana Martinovski and Saurabh Garg and Jens Stephan and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Issues%20in%20corpus%20development%20for%20multi-party%20multi-modal%20task-oriented%20dialogue.pdf},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},

address = {Lisbon, Portugal},

abstract = {This paper describes the development of a multi-modal corpus based on multi-party multi-task driven common goal oriented spoken language interaction. The data consists of approximately 10 hours of audio human simulation radio data and nearly 5 hours of video and audio face-to-face sessions between human trainees and virtual agents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{narayanan_transonics_2003,

title = {Transonics: A Speech to Speech System for English-Persian Interactions},

author = {Shrikanth Narayanan and S. Ananthakrishnan and R. Belvin and E. Ettaile and S. Ganjavi and Panayiotis G. Georgiou and C. M. Hein and S. Kadambe and K. Knight and D. Marcu and H. E. Neely and Naveen Srinivasamurthy and David Traum and D. Wang},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/TRANSONICS-%20A%20SPEECH%20TO%20SPEECH%20SYSTEM%20FOR%20ENGLISH-PERSIAN%20INTERACTIONS.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-12-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop},

address = {U.S. Virgin Islands},

abstract = {In this paper we describe the first phase of development of our speech-to-speech system between English and Modern Persian under the DARPA Babylon program. We give an overview of the various system components: the front end ASR, the machine translation system and the speech generation system. Challenges such as the sparseness of available spoken language data and solutions that have been employed to maximize the obtained benefits from using these limited resources are examined. Efforts in the creation of the user interface and the underlying dialog management system for mediated communication are described.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{martinovski_functions_2003,

title = {Functions and Patterns of Speaker and Addressee Identifications in Distributed Complex Organizational Tasks Over Radio},

author = {Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum and Susan Robinson and Saurabh Garg},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Functions%20and%20Patterns%20of%20Speaker%20and%20Addressee%20Identifications%20in%20Distributed%20Complex%20Organizational%20Tasks%20Over%20Radio.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-09-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of Diabruck (7th Workshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue)},

address = {Saarbruecken Germany},

abstract = {In multiparty dialogue speakers must identify who they are addressing (at least to the addressee, and perhaps to overhearers as well). In non face-toface situations, even the speaker's identity can be unclear. For talk within organizational teams working on critical tasks, such miscommunication must be avoided, and so organizational conventions have been adopted to signal addressee and speaker, (e.g., military radio communications). However, explicit guidelines, such as provided by the military are not always exactly followed (see also (Churcher et al., 1996)). Moreover, even simple actions like identifications of speaker and hearer can be performed in a variety of ways, for a variety of purposes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding and predictability of identifications of speaker and addressee in radio mediated organization of work.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{hill_virtual_2003,

title = {Virtual Humans in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise System},

author = {Randall W. Hill and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella and William Swartout and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Virtual%20Humans%20in%20the%20Mission%20Rehearsal%20Exercise%20System.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-06-01},

booktitle = {Kunstliche Intelligenzi (KI) (special issue on Embodied Conversational Agents)},

abstract = {How can simulation be made more compelling and effective as a tool for learning? This is the question that the Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT) set out to answer when it was formed at the University of Southern California in 1999, to serve as a nexus between the simulation and entertainment communities. The ultimate goal of the ICT is to create the Experience Learning System (ELS), which will advance the state of the art in virtual reality immersion through use of high-resolution graphics, immersive audio, virtual humans and story-based scenarios. Once fully realized, ELS will make it possible for participants to enter places in time and space where they can interact with believable characters capable of conversation and action, and where they can observe and participate in events that are accessible only through simulation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_nl_2003,

title = {NL Generation for Virtual Humans in a Complex Social Environment},

author = {David Traum and Michael Fleischman and Eduard Hovy},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/NL%20Generation%20for%20Virtual%20Humans%20in%20a%20Complex%20Social%20Environment.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-03-01},

booktitle = {AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural Language Generation in Spoken and Written Dialogue},

pages = {151–158},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{martinovski_error_2003,

title = {The Error Is the Clue: Breakdown In Human-Machine Interaction},

author = {Bilyana Martinovski and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/The%20Error%20Is%20the%20Clue-%20Breakdown%20In%20Human-Machine%20Interaction.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop International Speech Communication Association},

address = {Switzerland},

abstract = {This paper focuses not on the detection and correction of specific errors in the interaction between machines and humans, but rather cases of massive deviation from the user's conversational expectations and desires. This can be the result of too many or too unusual errors, but also from dialogue strategies disigned to minimize error, which make the interaction unnatutal in other ways. We study causes of irritation such as over-fragmentation, over-clarity, over-coordination, over-directedness, and repetiveness of verbal action, syntax, and intonation. Human reations to these irritating features typically appear in the following order: tiredness, tolerance, anger, confusion, irony, humor, exhaustion, uncertainty, lack of desire to communicate. The studied features of human expressions of irritation in non-face-to-face interaction are: intonation, emphatic speech, elliptic speech, speed of speech, extra-linguistic signs, speed of verbal action, and overlap.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_semantics_2003,

title = {Semantics and Pragmatics of Questions and Answers for Dialogue Agents},

author = {David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Semantics%20and%20Pragmatics%20of%20Questions%20and%20Answers%20for%20Dialogue%20Agents.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

booktitle = {International Workshop on Computational Semantics},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_negotiation_2003,

title = {Negotiation over Tasks in Hybrid Human-Agent Teams for Simulation-Based Training},

author = {David Traum and Jeff Rickel and Jonathan Gratch and Stacy C. Marsella},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Negotiation%20over%20Tasks%20in%20Hybrid%20Human-Agent%20Teams%20for%20Simulation-Based%20Training.pdf},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},

pages = {441–448},

address = {Melbourne, Australia},

abstract = {The effectiveness of simulation-based training for individual tasks – such as piloting skills – is well established, but its use for team training raises challenging technical issues. Ideally, human users could gain valuable leadership experience by interacting with synthetic teammates in realistic and potentially stressful scenarios. However, creating human-like teammates that can support flexible, natural interactions with humans and other synthetic agents requires integrating a wide variety of capabilities, including models of teamwork, models of human negotiation, and the ability to participate in face-to-face spoken conversations in virtual worlds. We have developed such virtual humans by integrating and extending prior work in these areas, and we have applied our virtual humans to an example peacekeeping training scenario to guide and evaluate our research. Our models allow agents to reason about authority and responsibility for individual actions in a team task and, as appropriate, to carry out actions, give and accept orders, monitor task execution, and negotiate options. Negotiation is guided by the agents' dynamic assessment of alternative actions given the current scenario conditions, with the aim of guiding the human user towards an ability to make similar assessments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_embodied_2002,

title = {Embodied Agents for Multi-party Dialogue in Immersive Virtual Worlds},

author = {David Traum and Jeff Rickel},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Embodied%20Agents%20for%20Multi-party%20Dialogue%20in%20Immersive%20%20Virtual%20Worlds.pdf},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-07-01},

booktitle = {International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS)},

address = {Bologna, Italy},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{traum_ideas_2002,

title = {Ideas on Multi-layer Dialogue Management for Multi-party, Multi-conversation, Multi-modal Communication},

author = {David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Ideas%20on%20Multi-layer%20Dialogue%20Management%20for%20Multi-party,%20Multi-conversation,%20Multi-modal%20Communication.pdf},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

booktitle = {Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 2001: Selected Papers from the Twelth CLIN Meeting},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{ligorio_interlocution_2001,

title = {Interlocution Scenarios for Problem Solving in an Educational MUD Environment},

author = {M. Beatrice Ligorio and Giuseppe Mininni and David Traum},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/INTERLOCUTION%20SCENARIOS%20FOR%20PROBLEM%20SOLVING%20IN%20AN%20EDUCATIONAL%20MUD%20ENVIRONMENT.pdf},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-03-01},

booktitle = {1st European Conference on Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning},

abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of computer mediated collaboration on a problem-solving task in a virtual world. The theoretical framework of this research combines research in Computer Mediated Communication with a social psychology theory of conflict. An experiment was conducted involving universitybstudents performing a problem solving task with a peer in an Educational MUD. Each performance was guided by a predefined script, designed based on the 'common speech' concepts. Al the performances were analyzed in terms of identity perception, conflict perception and cooperation. By looking at the relationship among the CMC environment features, the social influence activated on this environment, the conflict elaboration, and the problem solving strategies, a distinctive 'interlocution scenario' emerged. The results are discussed using contributions from the two theoretical approaches embraced.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{olsen_implicit_2001,

title = {Implicit Cues for Explicit Generation: Using Telicity as a Cue for Tense Structure in Chinese to English MT System},

author = {Mari Olsen and David Traum and Carol Van Ess-Dykema and Amy Weinberg},

url = {http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/Implicit%20Cues%20for%20Explicit%20Generation-%20Using%20Telicity%20as%20a%20Cue%20for%20Tense%20Structure%20in%20Chinese%20to%20English%20MT%20System.pdf},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

booktitle = {Machine Translation Summit VIII},

address = {Santiago de Compostela, Spain},

abstract = {In translating from Chinese to English, tense and other temporal information must be inferred from other grammatical and lexical cues. Tense information is crucial to providing accurate and fluent translations into English. Perfective and imperfective grammatical aspect markers can provide cues to temporal structure, but such information is optional in Chinese and is not present in the majority of sentences. We report on a project that assesses the relative contribution of the lexical aspect features of (a)telicity reflected in the Lexical Conceptual Structure of the input text, versus more overt aspectual and adverbial markers of tense, to suggest tense structure in the English translation of a Chinese newspaper corpus. Incorporating this information allows a 20% to 35% boost in the accuracy of tense relization with the best accuracy rate of 92% on a corpus of Chinese articles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}